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The culprit behind the 50% surge in U.S. housing prices is hidden in the U.S. bond yield curve
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Hello everyone, today XM Forex will bring you "[XM Forex]: The culprit behind the 50% surge in U.S. housing prices is hidden in the U.S. bond yield curve." Hope this helps you! The original content is as follows:
This article first briefly introduces how to use short-term U.S. bond yields to predict the outcome of the December FOMC interest rate decision, and explains the impact on U.S. borrowing rates after the FOMC interest rate decision is announced.
After that, several charts were shown on the study of the steepening of U.S. bond yields, revealing the market’s concerns about inflation and the increase in the supply of government bonds behind the steepening, and finally revealed the relationship between U.S. bond yields and the 50% surge in U.S. housing prices.
The 6-month U.S. Treasury yield is a forward-looking indicator of the Fed's December policy
Before starting this article, let's talk about some directly applicable conclusions. The 6-month U.S. Treasury yield has always been an effective forward-looking indicator of the Fed's next interest rate action - the market will interpret the Fed's policy statements, official speeches and press conferences verbatim. The yield currently points to the Fed holding steady in December.
The yield closed at 3.80% (red line) last Friday, within the shaded area of 3.75%-4.0%, the EFFR (EFFR Effective Federal Funds Rate, an interest rate indicator that tracks current inter-bank overnight lending activities and is the core anchor target of the Fed's policy interest rate) set by the Federal Reserve.
Just before the Fed cut interest rates in October, the yield had fallen to 3.75% and was trending downward. Since then, the trend has xmxyly.completely reversed.
The fluctuation of the six-month yield reflects the market’s expectations for the Fed’s policy interest rate in about two months and is the core indicator for judging the bond market’s prediction of the Fed’s policy interest rate range.
It accurately predicted the last two interest rate cuts, and also successfully predicted the first four interest rate cuts in 2024. It also performed the same in the interest rate hike cycle in 2023 (except for the bank panic period in March 2023).Bright.
The yield rate is mainly based on changes in the Federal Reserve's policy signals, and sudden panic events are unexpected shocks. In addition, when the market generally fell into interest rate cut mania in early 2024, this yield incorrectly predicted short-term interest rate cuts.
The Federal Reserve started a rate cut cycle, but U.S. bond yields rose instead of falling
Last Friday, the 10-year U.S. bond yield closed at 4.11%, basically the same level as the past seven trading days, 12 basis points higher than October 28 (the day before the Fed cut interest rates), and a cumulative 48 basis points higher than the first interest rate cut of this round in September 2024 (the 10-year yield was 3.63% that day).
The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield rose to 4.70%. It was 4.55% before the Federal Reserve cut interest rates in October and 3.94% before the September 2024 interest rate cut. The Federal Reserve has currently cut interest rates by a total of 150 basis points, while the 30-year U.S. Treasury yield bucked the trend and rose by 76 basis points during the same period.
This phenomenon reflects that long-term yields are determined by the endogenous dynamics of the bond market and are not directly controlled by the Fed's short-term policy interest rates.
(U.S. 10-year yield trend chart, yields did not fall but rose after the start of the U.S. interest rate cut cycle)
Long-term Treasury bonds and short-term Treasury bonds showed an inversion phenomenon
Since the Federal Reserve cut interest rates at the end of October, the yield curve of full-term U.S. bonds from 3 months to 30 years has collectively risen, and mortgage rates have also risen simultaneously.
But the actual federal funds rate (EFFR) fell 25 basis points to 3.87% (blue line in the chart) after the October rate cut.
The current 10-year U.S. bond yield is 4.11% (red line), which is 24 basis points higher than EFFR. Under normal credit conditions, long-term yields such as the 10-year U.S. bond yield are already higher than short-term yields such as EFFR, and there is usually a significant interest rate difference.
When short-term yields are higher than long-term yields, an "inverted yield curve" is formed. Since this year, the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield and EFFR have alternated between inversion and recovery many times.
Discussion on the reasons why long-term yields rise instead of falling
The core concerns of the long-term bond market are inflationary pressure and the expansion of bond supply, and the bond market has always been cautious about this.
The bond market is worried about the Fed's inability to respond to inflationary pressures and is concerned about the surge in new bond supply caused by the expansion of government deficits.
If inflation continues to accelerate - with service inflation accounting for about 65% of the inflation basket being the main driver, and xmxyly.commodity inflation rising simultaneously - the bond market may require higher yields to obtain additional risk xmxyly.compensation for the two major risks of inflation and supply.
The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield closed at 4.70% last Friday, 15 basis points higher than the day before the Fed cut interest rates in late October.
The upward trend in the 30-year U.S. Treasury yield began in August 2020, after briefly touching a low of 1.0% in March 2020.
This yield was previously affected bySuppressed by the Federal Reserve's large-scale quantitative easing (QE) policy, it rose to 2.0% at the end of 2021; since October 2023, it has approached the 5% mark many times.
The core of the fluctuations in the 30-year U.S. bond yield is driven by the fundamentals of the bond market, including expectations for future inflation, the digestion pressure of new bond supply, etc., rather than the adjustment of the Fed's short-term policy interest rate.
Another thing to note is that during the turmoil in the repurchase market at the end of October, EFFR rose slightly, but the market fluctuations have gradually calmed down last week.
The Fed's interest rate cuts may serve as negative teaching materials and historical lessons
Last fall, the Fed cut interest rates by a total of 100 basis points in four months, which directly caused the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield to surge by 100 basis points. This market feedback taught the Fed a key lesson, causing it to suspend subsequent interest rate cuts and turn to a hawkish stance, ultimately successfully guiding long-term yields and mortgage rates back down.
Subsequently in September and October 2025, the Federal Reserve restarted its interest rate cutting cycle, but its operations were more cautious. After cutting interest rates in October, the Fed kept an open mind on the possibility of a rate cut in December, in part to avoid another violent swing in the bond market.
Full-maturity yield curve: xmxyly.comparison of trends before and after interest rate cuts
The steepening of the U.S. yield curve usually means that the market’s expectations for weak economic growth and inflation are heating up.
Since the last interest rate cut, the yield curve has been rising as a whole. The figure below shows the full-maturity U.S. bond yield curve (1-month to 30-year) at three key time points in 2025:
The longer the yield curve, the more significant the impact of inflation concerns and supply pressure - both of these risk factors are currently at high levels, that is, the steepening has been slightly alleviated after the second interest rate cut, but at the time of the third hawkish interest rate cut, the steepening of the interest rate curve has become more serious.
(The interest rate curve when the Federal Reserve announced three interest rate cuts)
Summary: After the interest rate cuts, yields and mortgage rates rose simultaneously
After the Federal Reserve cut interest rates, the yield curve of U.S. Treasury bonds from 3 months to 30 years rose across the board, and real estate mortgage rates rose simultaneously. The bond market is worried about the two major risks of inflationary pressure and expansion of bond supply.
The yield on the 6-month U.S. Treasury note implies the Federal Reserve’s expectation to keep interest rates unchanged in December. Interest rate cuts during an inflation acceleration cycle are extremely delicate, and the bond market has always been cautious about this.
Revealing the skyrocketing housing prices in the United States: current situation and tracing historical policies
Since the Federal Reserve cut interest rates in October, mortgage interest rates have risen again. Mortgage News Daily monitoring data shows that the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate has risen 22 basis points since before the October rate cut, rising to 6.32% last Friday.
Before the Federal Reserve launched the QE policy to distort interest rates during the financial crisis, mortgage interest rates of 6%-7% were the lower limit of the normal range.
The core reason why today’s mortgage interest rates of 6%-7% has become the focus of the marketIn just two years from mid-2020 to mid-2022, housing prices soared by 50% or more - and housing prices had been rising for many consecutive years before, causing the current housing price level to be out of support from economic fundamentals.
This surge in housing prices is essentially the product of the Federal Reserve's aggressive monetary policy: At that time, inflation had begun to spread and once approached 9%. However, the Federal Reserve artificially lowered the 30-year fixed mortgage interest rate to below 3%, resulting in negative real mortgage interest rates of -3%, -4% or even lower. This almost "free money" environment resulted in the failure of rational decision-making by home buyers and a significant decrease in price sensitivity. This irrational prosperity was ultimately difficult to sustain.
The above content is all about "[XM Foreign Exchange]: The culprit of the 50% surge in U.S. housing prices is hidden in the U.S. bond yield curve". It was carefully xmxyly.compiled and edited by the editor of XM Foreign Exchange. I hope it will be helpful to your trading! Thanks for the support!
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